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Lightweight design of an electric bus body structure with analytical target cascading

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0718-y

摘要： Lightweight designs of new-energy vehicles can reduce energy consumption, thereby improving driving mileage. In this study, a lightweight design of a newly developed multi-material electric bus body structure is examined in combination with analytical target cascading (ATC). By proposing an ATC-based two-level optimization strategy, the original lightweight design problem is decomposed into the system level and three subsystem levels. The system-level optimization model is related to mass minimization with all the structural modal frequency constraints, while each subsystem-level optimization model is related to the sub-structural performance objective with sub-structure mass constraints. To enhance the interaction between two-level systems, each subsystem-level objective is reformulated as a penalty-based function coordinated with the system-level objective. To guarantee the accuracy of the model-based analysis, a finite element model is validated through experimental modal test. A sequential quadratic programming algorithm is used to address the defined optimization problem for effective convergence. Compared with the initial design, the total mass is reduced by 49 kg, and the torsional stiffness is increased by 17.5%. In addition, the obtained design is also validated through strength analysis.

关键词： electric vehicle body in white (BIW) lightweight analytical target cascading (ATC)

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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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基于5G车用无线通信技术网络的工业园区多层协同框架 Article

史彦军, 韩俏梅, 沈卫明, 王现斌

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 818-831 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.12.021

摘要：

第五代（5G）无线通信网络有望在垂直产业转型中发挥重要的作用。在众多激动人心的5G应用中，通过车用无线通信技术（V2X）通信可更高效地执行工业园区内的物流任务。本文提出了一种基于V2X的工业园区物流管理多层协同框架。该框架包括三层：感知与执行层、物流层以及配置层。除以上三层之间的协同外，本研究还讨论了设备、边缘服务器以及云服务之间的协同。针对工业园区内的高效物流，可通过四项功能来实现任务协同，这四项功能分别是：环境感知与地图构建、任务分配、路径规划，以及车辆运动。为动态协调这些功能，将采用5G切片和V2X通信技术支持的设备边云协同。随后，利用目标级联分析法对工业园区协同方案进行配置和评估。最后，通过一工业园区物流分析案例，验证了所提出协同框架的可行性。

关键词： 5G 车用无线通信技术工业园区物流设备边云协同目标级联分析

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Improvement of the cascading closed loop cycle system

ZHANG Guoqiang, CAI Ruixian

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 341-346 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0051-5

摘要： Aspen Plus was used to simulate and get more information about the cascading closed loop cycle (CCLC) system [1–3]. Following evaluation of the variable temperature heat source (e.g. gas turbine flue gas) utilized by the CCLC, both qualitative and quantitive comparisons between the system and simple steam Rankine cycle, were made. The results indicate that CCLC has the advantage in recuperating exergy from flue gas, but it cannot sufficiently convert the recuperated exergy to useful work. To improve the utilization of low temperature flue gas heat, the properties and parameters of the working substance must match conditions of the low temperature heat source. A better cycle scheme and pressure distribution was proposed to raise the efficiency of the CCLC. In addition, the multifunction system concept was introduced to improve the performance of CCLC with solar energy.

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布尔控制网络的级联分解：一种图论方法 Research Articles

Yi-feng LI, Jian-dong ZHU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第2期页码 304-315 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900422

摘要：采用图论方法研究布尔控制网络的两类级联分解问题。提出嵌套完美等点划分（NPEVP）的概念。基于NPEVP，得到级联分解问题可解的充要图条件。给定提出的图条件，可构造性地得到实现相应级联分解形式的逻辑坐标变换。最后，给出两个实例以验证结论。

关键词：布尔控制网络；半张量积；级联分解；图条件

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基于级联聚合算法下的布尔网络最优单点摄动 Research Articles

Jin-feng PAN, Min MENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第2期页码 294-303 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900411

摘要：研究级联聚合算法分割下的大型布尔网络最优单点摄动问题；最大化期望吸引子吸引域，同时最小化非期望吸引子吸引域。首先，通过级联聚合算法给出一个在单点摄动下保持期望吸引子不变的充要条件。其次，提出一个判定是否出现新吸引子的算法。然后，提出另一算法给出单点摄动下吸引子吸引域的大小变化。最后，将本文理论应用于寻找T细胞受体网络的最优单点摄动问题。

关键词：大型布尔网络；吸引子；级联聚合算法；单点摄动

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Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第3期页码 249-256 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0310-1

摘要：

The analytical model of residual stress in orthogonal cutting proposed by Jiann is an important tool for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting. In application of the model, a problem of low precision of the surface residual stress prediction is found. By theoretical analysis, several shortages of Jiann’s model are picked out, including: inappropriate boundary conditions, unreasonable calculation method of thermal stress, ignorance of stress constraint and cyclic loading algorithm. These shortages may directly lead to the low precision of the surface residual stress prediction. To eliminate these shortages and make the prediction more accurate, an improved model is proposed. In this model, a new contact boundary condition between tool and workpiece is used to make it in accord with the real cutting process; an improved calculation method of thermal stress is adopted; a stress constraint is added according to the volume-constancy of plastic deformation; and the accumulative effect of the stresses during cyclic loading is considered. At last, an experiment for measuring residual stress in cutting AISI 1045 steel is conducted. Also, Jiann’s model and the improved model are simulated under the same conditions with cutting experiment. The comparisons show that the surface residual stresses predicted by the improved model is closer to the experimental results than the results predicted by Jiann’s model.

关键词： residual stress analytical model orthogonal cutting cutting force cutting temperature

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Uncertainty propagation in dynamics of composite plates: A semi-analytical non-sampling-based approach

Mahdi FAKOOR, Hadi PARVIZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 1359-1371 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0658-8

摘要： In this study, the influences of spatially varying stochastic properties on free vibration analysis of composite plates were investigated via development of a new approach named the deterministic-stochastic Galerkin-based semi-analytical method. The material properties including tensile modulus, shear modulus, and density of the plate were assumed to be spatially varying and uncertain. Gaussian fields with first-order Markov kernels were utilized to define the aforementioned material properties. The stochastic fields were decomposed via application of the Karhunen-Loeve theorem. A first-order shear deformation theory was assumed, following which the displacement field was defined using admissible trigonometric modes to derive the potential and kinetic energies. The stochastic equations of motion of the plate were obtained using the variational principle. The deterministic-stochastic Galerkin-based method was utilized to find the probability space of natural frequencies, and the corresponding mode shapes of the plate were determined using a polynomial chaos approach. The proposed method significantly reduced the size of the mathematical models of the structure, which is very useful for enhancing the computational efficiency of stochastic simulations. The methodology was verified using a stochastic finite element method and the available results in literature. The sensitivity of natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes due to the uncertainty of material properties was investigated, and the results indicated that the higher-order modes are more sensitive to uncertainty propagation in spatially varying properties.

关键词： composite plate spatially varying stochastic properties Galerkin method polynomial chaos approach semi-analytical approach

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 267-273 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0058-0

摘要： One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

关键词： representative hydrologic occurrence simulation approach scarcity alternative

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δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1414-6

摘要：

• Challenges in sampling of NH₃ sources for d¹⁵N analysis are highlighted.

关键词： Aerosol ammonium Atmospheric gaseous ammonia Isotope fingerprinting Isotope-based source apportionment Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion

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连锁故障中电力系统脆弱性的多图卷积网络分析 Research Article

Supaporn LONAPALAWONG1,陈长胜2,王灿3,陈为1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第12期页码 1848-1861 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200035

摘要：分析电力系统在连锁故障中的薄弱环节是电力系统分析领域极具挑战的难题。电力系统领域的传统分析方法虽能发现一些简单的传播规律，但却难以捕捉不同运行条件下的复杂细节。近年来的研究引入了深度学习算法来解决这一难题。然而，现有基于深度学习的方法大多仅从拓扑层面考虑电力系统的网架结构，未能充分考虑空间信息（如电距离）以提高图卷积过程的精确度。鉴于此，本文提出一种新型电力系统加权线图，综合考虑电力系统拓扑结构和空间信息，大幅优化线图的边权分配。此外，本文提出一种基于图分类任务的多图卷积网络（MGCN），在保留电力系统空间相关性的同时有效捕获物理元件之间的关联。经验证，该模型能够在具有额外拓扑特征的建模系统中保持理想精度，从而更好地分析存在并行输电线路的复杂连锁故障。最后，本文采用逐层相关传播方法解释MGCN，并量化了模型分类的贡献因子，有效提升模型的可解释性。

关键词：电力系统；脆弱性；连锁故障；多图卷积网络；加权线图

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Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 208-215 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0922-5

摘要： Immune therapy has become the fourth approach after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Many immune checkpoints were identified in the last decade since ipilimumab, which is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The use of several antibody drugs that target PD1/PD-L1 for various cancer treatments has been approved by the FDA. However, fewer people are benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancers. Approximately 80% of patients do not respond appropriately because of primary or acquired therapeutic resistance. Along with the characterization of more immune checkpoints, the combinatory treatment of multi-immune checkpoint inhibitors becomes a new option when monotherapy could not receive a good response. In this work, the author focuses on the combination therapy of multiple immune checkpoints (does not include targeted therapy of oncogenes or chemotherapy), introduces the current progression of multiple immune checkpoints and their related inhibitors, and discusses the advantages of combination therapy, as well as the risk of immune-related adverse events.

关键词： immune checkpoints multi-target immune escape immune-related adverse events combination therapy

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Atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 1-17 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0973-7

摘要： A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions. However, a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs. Herein, the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized, defined by the novel concept of an “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.” This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors, genetic factors, and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions. The continued exploration of the physiology of the “atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis” could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

关键词： thyroid-stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone prolactin

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Precise semi-analytical inverse kinematic solution for 7-DOF offset manipulator with arm angle optimization

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第3期页码 435-450 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0630-x

摘要： Seven-degree-of-freedom redundant manipulators with link offset have many advantages, including obvious geometric significance and suitability for configu-ration control. Their configuration is similar to that of the experimental module manipulator (EMM) in the Chinese Space Station Remote Manipulator System. However, finding the analytical solution of an EMM on the basis of arm angle parameterization is difficult. This study proposes a high-precision, semi-analytical inverse method for EMMs. Firstly, the analytical inverse kinematic solution is established based on joint angle parameterization. Secondly, the analytical inverse kinematic solution for a non-offset spherical–roll–spherical (SRS) redundant manipulator is derived based on arm angle parameterization. The approximate solution of the EMM is calculated in accordance with the relationship between the joint angles of the EMM and the SRS manipulator. Thirdly, the error is corrected using a numerical method through the analytical inverse solution based on joint angle parameterization. After selecting the stride and termination condition, the precise inverse solution is computed for the EMM based on arm angle parameterization. Lastly, case solutions confirm that this method has high precision, and the arm angle parameterization method is superior to the joint angle parameterization method in terms of parameter selection.

关键词： 7-DOF redundant manipulator inverse kinematics semi-analytical arm angle link offset

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Comparison of analytical procedures for measuring phosphorus content of animal manures in China

null

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 431-440 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019279

摘要：

The concentration and components of manure phosphorus (P) are key factors determining potential P bioavailability and runoff. The distribution of P forms in swine, poultry and cattle manures collected from intensive and extensive production systems in several areas of China was investigated with sequential fractionation and a simplified two-step (NaHCO -NaOH/EDTA) procedures. The mean total P concentration, determined by the sequential fractionation procedure of intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure, expressed as g·kg , was 14.9, 13.4 and 5.8 g·kg , respectively, and 4.4 g·kg in extensive cattle manure. In intensive swine, poultry and cattle manure about 73%, 74% and 79% of total P, respectively, was bioavailable (i.e., P extracted by H O and NaHCO ) and 78% in extensive cattle manure. The results indicated the relative environmental risk, from high to low, of swine, poultry and cattle manure. There is considerable regional variation in animal manure P across China, which needs to be considered when developing manure management strategies.

关键词： diet phosphorus manure phosphorus sequential P fractionation